Hydraulic apparatus



March 27, 1951 c, ADAMS 2,546,580

' HYDRAULIC APPARATUS Filed March 29, 1947 INVENTOR. GECI L E. ADAMS o 5BY Patented Mar. 27, 1951 HYDRAULIC APPARATUS Cecil E. Adams, Columbus,Ohio, assignor to The nen s n inee Com any, Co mbus Ohio, a corp ra i nof Ohio Application March 29, 1947, Serial No. 738,128

This invention relates to hydraulically operated mechanism and isparticularly directed to hydraulic presses and attachments therefor.

More particularly, the invention relates to av machine for performingriveting operations of a particular character,

In some manufacturing operations it is desirable to use a tool whichreciprocates and revolves or indexes a portion of a revolution at atime. One such instance is found in a riveting operation where achisel-l ke instrument re.- peated y en aged with a rivet end andpartially turned between successive engagements.

An object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulicallyreciprocated device having a motion transmitting element journalledtherein which is caused to revolve or rotate at least a part of arevolution eaeh time the device is reciprocated.

Another object of the invention is to provide a power unit having a ramand control mechanism therefor Which will automatically regulate theflow of fluid pressure from a source to the power unit to effectrelatively short reciprocatory movements f the ram and toprovidethe ramwith a longitudinally extending, journalled shaft and fluid pressureresponsive means for eausing the shaft to rotate or index when the ramreciprocates.

. A still rurthe o je t of he invention s to provide the piston of,a-power unit with a second piston-like device which is biased in onedirection by a spring or other resilient means and which is exposed tothe fluid pressure at the ends of the first piston, the second pistonhaving suitable means for transmitting mOVe nent thereof y th sp t a rtar m mb r, th second piston being moved in opposition to the spr n bvhe existence of a h h r fluid pressure at a selected end of the firstpiston than at the other end.

Another object of the invention is to provide the piston of the power.unit, m entionedin the prec ding para raph. w th su table means forpreventing reversem vement of the rotary memhe when the seco d pi t n smoved bvtc i er- ..ential nuid pressures at oppos te ends of h iirstpiston.

llrther objects and dvanta es of the p esen invention win be app ent romthe followin de crip i n, re erence bein had to t e acc mpanyin drawingswherein a prefer-red fo m of embod ment of t in entionis clearly shown-In thedrawinss Fig, :1 is adiasremmaticview of a hydrauli '13 C ms (Cl-12177-17) from on the plane in from .the line 25,

. 2 a ir ui for a machine ha n a re i roee ihg pis on nd, ran he latterbe ng ro ded w th a t o f rm n ccorda ce w he pr ent vention. I

Fig. 2 is a detail horizontal sectional view taken through the piston ofthe machine shown n Fi 1, t lan of he s on in ind ted t otted l ne 1 -11Q Ei .Fies a, detai ve a ect ona v taken thr ugh h P ton and rprojecting t e e- .c iqet d by th l ne HI III oil 'ig-g,

Referring more particularly to the drawing, the hydraulic circuit shownFig. 1, is desig? nated generally by the numeral 20, this circuitincludes .a source of fluid pressure 2| having a s r oir 2! a ro -dr npum 23 an a relie valve 24 which may be of any suitable constructioncapable oi controlling the pressure in the fluid circuit 29. A fluidline 25 extends from the relief valve 2.4 to a control valve 25 which as b of ny suitable type, th one di closed being similar to that shown inmy cop di s app t n, Serial N 69 6v fi1. May 14, 1946, now Patent No.;2,-4 38,l09. This control valve go erns the lo o u p essu the s urce2!. to e the e o 1a owe c lnde 2 t e fect ther c p ocet o of a isten 28disposed for movement therein, While the valve 26 has be hown anddescribed n de in the above=n entioned copending application,

nv n he v e 29 n de e b d 281 a!- ing an inlet port indirectcommunication wi thi inlet Po t s on e ed b pasas wit a eces 3. h csurroun s a eri a l ex endin vbore 32 h or is su rounded by otherrecesses 33 to 38, inclusive, Wh h a tp ced on tu n of th b e and openlyco mun cat the e ith- The bore slidably receives a sleeve member 40 w chis n tum ro ided W th a Ser es Of longitudinally spaced rows 9flaterally extending p r s 1 t L- c u ve, hich s e to connec the interior.of the sleeve with certain of the g v in the bo y in va i ulonsitndinel ositions of the s e the e n, h sle e 4.0 re .cei e or s dng mov me t, a shuttl valv $1 9. 48 which i n m l u ge to ar one nd o hee ve y a coi s ri g 0 thi memb r bein d o d be w en the end f and a c n5 se ured t he up er en of t slee e .40. na S909 4.5 3;: u a roov 2 .ioed n the oute .su ioce th...

sock n thes opl sa e 38 to recess 3|,

series of laterally extending ports 53 extending therethrough adjacentthe lower end, these ports intersecting a longitudinal passage 54extending from the socket in the spool to the lower end thereof. Thesleeve is normally urged toward its lowermost position in the body 28 bya coil Spring 55 disposed between the cap 5| and a second cap 56 used toclose the open upper end of the bore 32. To effect the movement of thesleeve 40, a shipper rod 51 projects from the lower end thereof throughthe bottom cover of the body 29 to any suitable mechanism by whichmotion can be imparted either manually or automatically.

When the parts of the valve mechanism are in the position shown, fluidflowing into the valve from the line will flow .through the passage tothe recess 3| from which it willflow the interior of the sleeve" throughports 44 into 4ll at the annular groove 52, this fluid will flowoutwardly from the sleeve through the ports 43 to the recess 34 which isconnected by a passage 58 with a conduit 60 leading to the lower end ofthe power cylinder 21. This fluid applies an upward force on the underside of piston 28 causing the same to move in an upward direction andexhaust fluid from the upper end of the power' cylinder 21 throughconduit 6| and passage 62 to recess 31. This fluid flows through ports46 in sleeve 40 to the interior thereof and outwardly therefrom throughports 41 to recess 38 which is connected by conduit 63 with reservoir 22As long as fluid flows to the power cylinder and from the latter to thereservoir in "this manner piston 28will move in an upward direction. Asthe piston approaches the upper end of the power cylindenan arm 64projecting from the ram 65 which depends from the piston 28 yvill strikea collar 66 secured to the shipper "rod 51. The upward movement of thepiston will thus be transferred to the shipper rod and "fromthe latterto the sleeve 40 to move the same ,in an upward directionuntilregistration between ports '43 and-recess 34 will be interrupted. Atthis time fluid flow" from the interior of the sleeve 46tothe-recess 34can no longer take place 7 and the piston 28 will discontinue its upwardmovement. The ram Will then be in an elevated, .idle.position. 1 I

If it is desiredtoinitiate another cycle of move- -ment of the ram, asuitable control element, not shown, will be actuatedto cause theshipper rod --to move in an upward direction moving the i1 ports 4| inthe sleeve sleeve 40 upwardly un v -registe r with recess 35 in thebody. At this time flow upfluid under pressurein passage 30 will wardlyin a bore 61- around a valve spool 68 posi- "tioned therein to a recess10. From this recess the fluid will flow through the passage 1| torecess 35 from whichit' will flow through ports 4| to the interior ofthesleeve 40 beneath the }shuttle valve'spqol 48. -The force of thisfluid will move the shuttle valve in an upward direction until groove"52 therein establishes comf rnunicat ion between ports 43, which arethen in "fregistration with groove 3|; and ports registering at thistime withgr'oove 31. When the ;-shuttle valve is elevated in thismanner, fluid from the pressure source will flow through pasinto theinterior of the f sleeve 46 and upwardly to recess 31 from which itwill'flow through passages 62 and BI to the upper end of power cylinder21. This fluid will -t'end to force piston 28 downwardly anddischarge-fluid from -the' lowerportion of-power'" the same in anelevated position against the ac ing operation, the

tion of the spring 50. As long as fluid is supplied under pressure tothe upper side of the piston 29 and the latter member is moving in adownward direction, this back pressure will exist to hold the shuttlevalve elevated. This manner of performing such operation is desirablebecause the flow of fluid under pressure from passage 30 through line 1|to the under side of the shuttle valve will be discontinued when theflow of fluid to the recess 31 is initiated. The admission of fluidunder pressure to recess 31 causes a flow through line 12 to the upperportion of bore 61 above spool 68. This fluid forces spool 66 downwardlyagainst the action of its spring 13 and interrupts communication betweenpassage 30 and line 1|.

When ram 65 engages an obstruction which offers sufficient resistance tomovement thereof to cause thefluid pressure in the supply source toincrease sufficiently to cause relief valve 24 to bypass fluid from pump23 directly back to reservoir 22, rain 65 will cease to move. At thistime fluid discharge from the lower end of power cylinder 21 will stopand the back pressure will be dissipated. Spring 50 will then returnshuttle valve 48 to its lowermost position in which the source of fluidpressure will be connected with the lower end of the power cylinder 21.Piston 28 and ram 65 will then movein an upward direction, as previouslydescribed. As soon, however, as shuttle valve 48 is shifted by spring50, recess 31 will be connected with reservoir 22 and fluid above spoolvalve 68 may be discharged to the reservoir permitting valve 68 to moveto its original position wherein communication between passages 3 and 1|is again established. At this time fluid under pressure will be againsupplied to the lower end of the sleeve-40 beneath shuttle'valve 48 andthe latter'will be elevated to connect the upper end of the powercylinder 21 with the source of fluid pressure. Piston 28 will then ceaseto move in an upward direction and be caused to move downwardly. Thismanner of operation which results in the performance of shortreciprocations by the piston 28 will be continued as long as shipper rod51 is held in an elevated position in which ports 4| register withrecess 35. i

When it is desired. to interrupt the short strokshipper rod 51 may belowered to interrupt communication between ports 4| and recess 35 atwhich time the lower end of the sleeve 4 will communicate with recess36, which recess communicates through passage 14 with reservoir 22. Theshuttle valve 48 may then drop to the position in which the source offluid pressure will be connected with the lower end 01' power cylinder21 and piston 28 will be moved in an upward direction. When this pistonapproaches the upper limit of its movement, the flow of fluid to thelower end of the power cylinder will be interrupted in themannerprevioiisly set forth.-- The length o'ftheshort' strokes may bevaried throug the; adjustment or a valvearranged in a body 16 which isinserted in the upper end of bore 61. The mechanism and the operationabove described is substantially identi cal with the mechanism set forthin my copending application above mentioned.

The present application is directed to a rotary tool attachment for sucha machine. This tool attachment is illustrated in detail in Figs. 2 and3 of the drawing. In one form of the attachment the piston 28 isrelieved at one side, as at 16, and has a horizontal bore 11 formedtherein to slidably receive a piston 18. This piston is guided by thehead of a screw 80 which is disposed in the bifurcated end of the piston18 and serves to prevent the same from revolving. A coil spring 8'! isdisposed between the inner end of the piston is and the inner end of thebore 11, the coil spring servin to urge the piston 18 in an outwarddirection. Communication is established between the under side of piston28 and the inner end of bore 11 through a passage 82 formed in thepiston 28. Thus when pressures are equalized at opposite ends of piston28, coil spring 81 will tend to move the v bore 11, this outwardmovement being limited by the screw 80. When fluid pressure above piston28 increases, this pressure will be applied to the outer end of piston18 and will move the same in opposition to the force of the coil spring8|.

Piston 28 is also provided with a recess 83 which enters the piston fromthe upper end thereof. The piston is further provided with a centralopening 84 which extends from the recess 83 to an axial recess 85 formedin the ram 65. This recess 85 receives a bearing 86 at its lower end,the bearing having an opening 81 which cooperates with opening 84 tojournal a shaft 88 in the ram and piston 28. Within the recess 83 theshaft 88 is provided with a ratchet Wheel 90.

This ratchet is disposed in horizontal registration with the piston 18,the latter receiving a spring-pressed pawl 9| for transmitting movementof the piston 18 to the ratchet. v When the piston 18 is moved into thesocket 17 by pressure above piston 28 the pawl 9| will engage one of theteeth 92 on the ratchet, then, when fluid pressures at the opposite endsof piston 28 are equalized, or the pressure beneath piston 28 becomesgreater than the pressure thereabove, sprin 8| will move piston 18 in anoutward direction causing ratchet wheel 90 to rotate through a portionof a revolution. This ratchet wheel is restrained against reverserotation by a second spring-pressed pawl 93, carried by the piston 28 onthe opposite side of the ratchet wheel 90 from pawl 9|. It will be seenthat as piston 28 is reciprocated in power cylinder 21, ratchet 90 andshaft 88 will be repeatedly indexed or rotated through portions of arevolution. The lower end of the ram 65 may be provided with anysuitable tool which will be driven when shaft 88 rotates, by theflattened end 94 thereof. The tool selected will depend entirely uponthe Work to be performed; this tool will be indexed on eachreciprocation of the piston 28 whether the latter performs short or longstrokes. The indexing operation of the tool will take place during themovement of the ram in an upward direction when the tool is disengagedfrom the article being worked upon; the least resistance to turningmovement will be offered at this time and no tendency to twist, break ordeform the tool will result,

piston 78 outwardly of the "a While the form or embodiment of thepresent invention as herein disclosed constitutes a'preferred form, itis to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming withinthe scope of the claims which follow:

I claim:

1. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a power unithaving a cylinder and piston; flow control means between said pressuresource and said power unit to cause the reciprocation of said piston; anautomatic reversing valve in said flow control means, said reversingvalve being operative to cause repeated reciprooations of said pistonthrough strokes of lengths less than the normal stroke length thereof; ashaft projecting from and journalled in said piston; and pressureresponsive means in said piston for imparting intermittent rotarymovement to said shaft, said pressiu'e responsive means being operatedwhen fluid pressure is applied to one end of said piston to move thesame in one direction.

2. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a power unithaving a cylinder and piston; flow control means between said pressuresource and said power unit to cause the reciprocation of said piston; anautomatic reversing valve in said flow control means; means in said flowcontrol means for actuating said reversing valve after said piston hasmoved through a predetermined fractio-n of the retraction stroke tocause said piston to resume forward travel; a shaft projecting from andjournalled in said piston; and pressure responsive means in said pistonfor impartin intermittent rotary movement to said shaft, said pressureresponsive means being operated when fluid pressure is applied to oneend of said piston to move the same in one direction.

3. In a hydraulic system, a source of fluid pressure; a power unit ofthe type having a cylinder and piston; control means between saidpressure source and said power unit, said control means being operativeto alternately direct fluid pressure to opposite ends of said cylinderto effect reciprocatory movement of said piston; a fluid pressureresponsive element carried by said piston, said element being exposed tofluid pressures at the opposite ends of said piston; means operativewhen substantially equal pressures exist at opposite ends of said pistonto urge said pressure responsive element in one direction; and arevoluble motion transmitting member carried by said piston and actuatedby said pressure responsive element.

a. Hydraulic apparatus comprising a cylinder; a piston disposed forreciprocation in said cylinder; a shaft extending longitudinally of saidpiston, said shaft being journalled for rotation; a second pistondisposed for movement in said first piston, the ends of said secondpiston being exposed to the pressure at opposite ends of said firstpiston; and means for transmitting motion from said second piston tosaid shaft to eifect rotation thereof.

5. Hydraulic apparatus comprising a cylinder; a piston disposed forreciprocatory movement in said cylinder; a second piston disposed forreciprocation in the first piston, said second piston being exposed atopposite ends to the fluid pressures at opposite ends of the first;resilient means normally tending to move said second piston in onedirection; shaft means journalled in said first-mentioned piston; andmeans for power 'ing from said piston;

transmitting motion'imparted to said second piston by said resilientmeans to said shaft.

6. Hydraulic apparatus comprising a cylinder; a piston disposed forreciprocatory movement in said cylinder; a second piston disposed forreciprocation in said first piston, said second piston being exposed atopposite ends to fluid pressures existing at opposite ends of thefirst-mentioned piston; spring means normally urging said second pistonin one direction; shaft means journalled in said first-mentioned piston;a ratchet wheel secured to said shaft means; pawl means for transmittingmovement to said ratchet wheel when said second piston is moved by saidspring means; and means for preventing reverse movement of said ratchet.

'7. In a hydraulic apparatus the combination of a reciprocatory piston;a source of fluid pressure; control means between said pressure sourceand said piston, said control means being operative to cause said pistonto automatically reciprocate through a fraction of the normal strokelength thereof; a motion transmittng element journalled in said piston;and fluid pressure responsive means for imparting a rotative impulse tosaid motion-transmitting element on each reciprocation of saidfirst-mentioned piston.

8. A hydraulically indexed tool comprising a .power unit having acylinder with a piston disposed for reciprocation therein; a ramprojecting from said piston; a shaft extending longitudinally throughsaid ram, said shaft being journalled for rotary movement; and means insaid piston operative when fluid pressures are substantially equalizedon opposite ends of the piston to effect rotary motion of said shaft.

9. A hydraulically indexed tool comprising a power unit having acylinder with a piston disposed for reciprocation therein; a ramprojecting from said piston; a shaft extending longitudinally throughsaid ram, said shaft being journalled for rotary movement; and means forturning said shaft part of a revolution upon each reciprocation of saidpiston, said means being held against operation by fluid pressure duringthe advancement of said piston in said cylinder.

10. A hydraulically indexed tool comprising a unit having a cylinderwith a piston disposed for reciprocation therein; a ram projecta shaftextending longitudinally through said ram, said shaft being journalledfor rotary movement; means for turning said shaft part of a revolutionupon each reciprocation of said piston, said means having a secondpiston exposed at one end to fluid pressure applied to thefirst-mentioned piston to advance the same in said cylinder; yieldablemeans tending to move said second piston in opposition to such fluidpressure, said yieldable means being operative when such fluid pressureis reduced; and means for transmitting motion from said second piston tosaid shaft.

11. A hydraulically indexed tool comprising a power unit having acylinder with a piston disposed for reciprocation therein; a ramprojecting from said piston; a shaft extending longitudinally throughsaid ram, said shaft being journalled for rotary movement; means forturning said shaft part of a revolution upon each reciprocation of saidpiston, said means being set for operation by the application of fluidpressure to said piston to advance the same in said cylinder andoperated when fluid pressure is applied to said piston to retractv thesame in said cylinder; and means for preventing reverse turning movementof said shaft while said means for turning the same is being set foroperation.

12. In a hydraulic system of the type having a source of fluid pressure,a power cylinder with a piston and ram and control mechanism betweensaid source and said power cylinder operative to alternately connectsaid source with said cylinder at opposite ends of said piston; anindexed tool comprising a shaft extending longitudinally of said pistonand ram and journalled therein; a second piston mounted forreciprocation in the first-mentioned piston and exposed at opposite endsto the pressures at the ends of said first-mentioned piston; and meansfor transmitting motion from said second piston to said shaft, saidmeans being operative when fluid pressure is applied to thefirst-mentioned piston to effect retraction of said ram.

13. In combination with a hydraulically actuated power cylinder having apiston and a body movable therewith, a shaft journalled for rotarymovement in said body; means for imparting intermittent rotary movementto said shaft comprising a second piston exposed at opposite ends tothe. pressures on opposite sides of the firstmentioned piston; means fortransmitting motion from said second piston to said shaft when saidsecond piston moves in one direction; and means for prohibiting reverserotation of said shaft when said second piston moves in the oppositedirection. CECIL E. ADAMS. I

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in th file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS h t Number Name 186,923 Buckminster Feb. 6, ;1 8772,406,482 Tucker Aug. 27,1946

